Performance¶
Results¶
UPF throughput¶
UE Type |
UPF Mode |
CNI Type |
Downlink |
Uplink |
|---|---|---|---|---|
UERANSIM |
DPDK |
vfioveth |
962 Mbps |
957 Mbps |
UERANSIM |
AF_PACKET |
bridge |
7.8 Mbps |
823.8 Mbps |
UERANSIM |
AF_PACKET |
MACVLAN |
8.27 Mbps |
958 Mbps |
UERANSIM |
AF_PACKET |
host-device |
8 Mbps |
957.2 Mbps |
Quectel RM520N-GL |
DPDK |
vfioveth |
79.8 Mbps |
12.5 Mbps |
Quectel RM520N-GL |
AF_PACKET |
bridge |
0.741 Mbps |
11.7 Mbps |
Quectel RM520N-GL |
AF_PACKET |
MACVLAN |
0.748 Mbps |
12.8 Mbps |
Quectel RM520N-GL |
AF_PACKET |
host-device |
0.739 Mbps |
12.46 Mbps |
Subscribers¶
Charmed Aether SD-Core can stand up 500 concurrent PDU sessions, the maximum UERANSIM supports.
Further testing would be needed to determine the maximum number of PDU sessions that can be supported by the Core.
Methodology¶
UPF throughput¶
Tests were performed using iperf3 to measure the throughput between the
UE and an iPerf3 server going through the UPF.
The tests results were obtained by running each test 5 times and averaging the results.
Environment¶
UPF Host¶
Hardware:
CPU: Intel i5-1240P
RAM: 32 GB DDR5
Network cards: Intel 82599ES 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+
Software:
OS: Ubuntu 24.04
Kubernetes: microk8s 1.31.3
sdcore-upf-k8s: 1.5/stable; revision 691
RAN Host¶
Hardware:
CPU: Intel i5-1240P
RAM: 16 GB DDR5
Network cards: Intel 82599ES 10-Gigabit SFI/SFP+
Software:
OS: Ubuntu 24.04
Kubernetes: microk8s 1.31.3
UERANSIM simulator¶
The UPF performance was tested with the ueransim simulator on the RAN host.
The version used for this test was:
ueransim snap: latest/edge, revision 3, version 3.2.6+git
This test is limited by the simulation done by ueransim and the CPU.
Over the air with OpenAirInterface¶
The throughput was tested end-to-end with Charmed OAI RAN running on the RAN host with a bandwidth of 40 MHz. The radio unit used was a USRP B210 and the UE module was a Quectel RM520N-GL over USB.
This test is limited by the radio link configuration.
Subscribers¶
The PDU sessions were tested using the UERANSIM simulator on the RAN host.
We used the --num-of-UE flag to specify the number of UEs to simulate. We tested
the maximum number of UEs that UERANSIM supports, which is 500.